Cartilage Imaging Research


This page provides a brief description of the work I've been doing in MRI imaging of cartilage. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to send them to me by email. This material is provided for your reference. However, please do not reproduce the images without first obtaining permission!

1 - What are We Trying to Do?

MRI is already a popular way to diagnose knee injuries. In fact, the sports section of the newspaper seems to be the most likely place to see MRI! Most frequently, MRI is used to diagnose things like ACL tears or meniscal tears in the knee. More recently, a lot of research is being done in trying to diagnose cartilage injuries. (little comment: if you are interested, have a look at what ligament tears can look like.

Cartilage is a smooth tissue which covers bones so that they can slide against each other in joints such as the knee, shoulder or hip. It's a pretty amazing tissue - cartilage slides better than ice-on-ice. However, cartilage has a weakness: There are no blood vessels in cartilage, and thus it has a hard time recovering from injury. Many people are currently working on trying to find methods of treating cartilage injury. In order to see how they're doing, they need good ways to look at cartilage. That's where MRI of cartilage comes in!

Here is an MRI of the knee. This is an axial image, which means it's as if we've cut perpendicular to the direction of a straight leg. The image shows the patella (knee cap) and the femur, which is the thigh bone. Of course, we're interested in looking at the cartilage. Thus we use special techniques to make the bone come out dark on the images. The cartilage is bright, and the synovial fluid is even brighter, as you see in the picture.



2 - Some Results

These are some of our results so far. We don't really have conclusions as to which is the best way to do knee imaging - we're still working on that. Each of these images takes 3 minutes to acquire. Typically, when you go for a knee MRI, they will do about 6 different types of images, and the total time is about a half and hour. We want to reduce this time, since this will make MRI cost less, or allow more people to have MRIs.

One way to speed up the MRI knee exam is to make the individual scans faster. Another is to reduce the number of scans. We're trying to do the second. If we have one type of image which gives us the same amount of information as two others, we've just knocked about 5 minutes off the total scanning time.

These are some different images of the same knee. The main thing that you should look for is the different contrast between cartilage, synovial fluid, and bone. Our technique tries to show the cartilage as well as the standard techniques, but also shows very bright synovial fluid. This can be helpful, because if the cartilage has a crack or tear, the fluid tends to flow into the tear.

Standard Image 1 (SPGR)
Standard Image 2 (FSE)
Our Technique (DEFT)
Click on the images to see clearer images!


Please do not reproduce these images without permission.

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